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Tesla valuation exercise: market cap, EV and multiples vs competitors

Electric vehicles and energy storage. We rebuild its market value from the price, split it into its parts, and compare its multiples with those of its largest competitors.

Verified figures, not advice. Every number on this page comes from the company's own filings or from exchange prices, and the source is linked. Every calculation is shown, so you can repeat it. What we do not do is tell you what a share should be worth or whether to buy it: that depends on your goals and on forecasts, and no multiple can settle it. This is a snapshot: prices of 12 Oct 2026, company results up to mid 2026. Found a mistake? Tell us and we correct it.

Step 1. Market capitalisation

StepNumberWhere it comes from
Share price (nominal value)
$378.03
Close of 12 Oct 2026
Shares outstanding
3.95 bn
Latest report or filing, as of 2026-07-16
Market capitalisation
$1.49tn
Price x shares

Market capitalisation is the value the stock market puts on all the shares together. It is the nominal share price multiplied by the number of shares.

Step 2. How the value is composed

Building blockAmountMeaning
Market capitalisation
$1.49tn
What the market asks for all the shares
+ Debt
$9.1bn
Borrowings, leases for premises excluded
- Cash
$15.2bn
Cash and equivalents
- Short-term investments
$28.3bn
Marketable securities due within a year
+ Minority interests
$0.7bn
Part of subsidiaries owned by others
Enterprise value (EV)
$1.46tn
The price of the whole business, as a buyer would see it

Of the $1.49tn market value, accounting book equity is $86.9bn. The remaining $1.41tn is what investors pay above the books: brands, software, customer relationships and expected growth that the balance sheet does not record. Price to book is 17.2x.

Step 3. Fundamentals, last twelve months

Last twelve monthsAmountMargin or note
Revenue
$103.6bn
Up to 2026-06-30
Operating income
$4.4bn
4% of revenue
EBITDA
$10.8bn
10% of revenue
Net income (GAAP)
$3.8bn
4% of revenue
Free cash flow
$5.8bn
Operating cash flow minus capital spending

Step 4. Multiples against the largest competitors

MultipleTeslaGMFPeer meanPeer medianvs median
P/E (price / net income)
392.5x
38.9x
n.m.
38.9x
38.9x
+908%
EV / sales
14.1x
1.0x
0.9x
0.9x
0.9x
+1386%
EV / EBITDA
134.5x
12.7x
221.1x
116.9x
116.9x
+15%
EV / operating income
333.8x
97.2x
n.m.
97.2x
97.2x
+243%
P / free cash flow
259.1x
5.0x
6.6x
5.8x
5.8x
+4370%

Context: Tesla earns an EBITDA margin of 10%. The peers earn 8%, 0% (median 4%). A company that keeps more of each dollar of sales often trades at a higher multiple.

GM and Ford are the largest listed car makers in the same market. Both also own large finance arms, which inflate their reported debt.

What the comparison shows

  • EV / EBITDA: 134.5x against a peer median of 116.9x (mean 116.9x). Difference to the median: +15%.
  • EV / sales: 14.1x against a peer median of 0.9x (mean 0.9x). Difference: +1386%.
  • P/E: 392.5x against a peer median of 38.9x. Difference: +908%.

These are descriptions of today's prices, not forecasts. "n.m." means not meaningful, for example negative profit.

Where the comparison is distorted

  • Net income includes a gain of about $1.0bn on its SpaceX stake and about $0.4bn of restructuring costs. Cash and short-term investments exceed debt, so enterprise value is below market capitalisation.
  • GM net income is after about $11bn of charges for electric vehicle plans. Its debt includes its finance arm.
  • Ford is loss-making after large charges. Its debt includes its credit arm.

Sources

Prices of 12 Oct 2026 from exchange historical data. Share counts, debt, cash and results from each company's filings, read on 13 and 14 October 2026. Foreign companies are converted at one stated rate.

Tesla, Inc. (TSLA)
General Motors Company (GM)
Ford Motor Company (F)

Questions people ask

Does a higher multiple than competitors mean the share is overvalued?

No. It means investors pay more per dollar of sales or profit. The reason can be faster growth, higher margins or lower risk, or it can be excess optimism. A multiple gap is a question to investigate, not an answer.

Why use enterprise value and not only market cap?

Market cap prices the shares only. Enterprise value adds debt and subtracts cash, so it compares the whole business regardless of how it is financed.

Why show both the mean and the median of competitors?

The mean is pulled up by one extreme value. The median is the middle value and resists outliers. When they differ a lot, trust the median more.

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